Leila Alem
1 
, Maryam Farahmandsadr
2 , Azadeh Khayyat
3 , Mohammad Ali Esmaeil Pour
4 , Hamid Nasri
1* 1 Nickan Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
2 Researcher, 64 Commonwealth Rd, Watertown, MA, USA
3 Pathology Department of Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
4 Internal Medicine Department of UNC Health Blue Ridge, Morganton, NC, USA
Abstract
Collapsing glomerulopathy has been delineated as the most common morphological feature in COVID-19 individuals presenting with rapidly progressive renal failure and massive proteinuria. This condition, also known as COVID-19-associated nephropathy, has a poor prognosis. In COVID-19-related collapsing glomerulopathy, an immune dysfunction-mediated “second hit” to podocytes of African origin with APOL1 risk alleles was suggested. However, further research is still required to clarify this aspect of glomerulopathy.