Preventive strategies in airway management; a narrative review of epidemiological insights from anesthesia and ENT practice

Abstract

Airway management remains a cornerstone of safe clinical practice in both anesthesia and otolaryngology, where failure to anticipate complications can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Preventive strategies are increasingly emphasized through epidemiological insights that highlight risk factors such as anatomical variations, comorbidities, and procedural complexities. In anesthesia, structured preoperative assessment, use of advanced airway devices, and simulation-based training have demonstrated measurable reductions in adverse events. Similarly, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) practice contributes preventive approaches through early identification of obstructive pathologies, minimally invasive interventions, and multidisciplinary collaboration in complex airway cases. Epidemiological data underscore the importance of integrating risk stratification tools, continuous monitoring, and evidence-based guidelines to mitigate complications across diverse patient populations. This narrative review synthesizes current preventive strategies from anesthesia and ENT perspectives, offering a comprehensive framework for optimizing airway safety and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords: Airway management, Anesthesia, Otolaryngology, ENT, Preventive strategies, Patient safety, Perioperative care