Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Preventive Epidemiology 2476-3934 4 1 2019 01 01 Metformin and kidney protection; a letter to editor on recent findings e07 e07 EN Sahar Koushki Reza Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand Amin Hasanvad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-7542 LETTER 2018 08 15 2019 02 09 The mechanism of metformin includes the enhancement of skeletal muscles and adipocytes glucose uptake, and inhibiting the production of glucose in liver. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via metformin, a cellular energy regulator, can be used to balance hemostasis. Treatment with metformin in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) in a diabetic situation has resulted in the significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) expression, the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), intracellular p22phox mRNA and protein level, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), proinflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and ROS production suppression and lipid peroxidation. Metformin also has a reno-protective mechanism, i.e., restoring mitochondrial function integrity.