Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Preventive Epidemiology 2476-3934 2 1 2017 01 01 Fat and carbohydrate proportions influence on the insulin resistance; a systematic review and meta-analysis on controlled clinical trials e02 e02 EN Mohammad Hasan Entezari Mohammad Salehi Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei Marzieh Kafeshani Journal Article 2016 07 09 2016 09 02 The effect of dietary macronutrient proportion on insulin resistance is controversial. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examine the effects of replacing dietary fat with carbohydrate on insulin resistance. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ISI Web of Science for RCTs until 2011. In total we found 15 articles that examine the effects of two kinds of prescribed diets low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diet and high-fat low-carbohydrate (HFLC) diet on insulin resistance as regard the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of data from all 15 selected studies found that there is not significant difference between HFLC diet and LFLC diet (mean difference 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18 to 0.2; P > 0.05), but when two studies were excluded from the meta-analysis a significant difference was seen between HFLC diet and LFLC diet (mean difference 0.01; 95% CI, -0.17 to -0.02; P =0.009). Our findings suggested that HFLC diet significantly decreases insulin resistance compared with the LFLC diet. But we cannot conclude a LFHC diet is unfavorable compared with an HFLC diet for insulin resistant patients because in this study we have not determined the type of carbohydrate and fat intake, while dietary fat and carbohydrate composition may be a particularly important means of improving insulin sensitivity.